common law stakeholders in healthcare

lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. 2018 Oct;21 Suppl 7(Suppl Suppl 7):e25172. Trending in HCS 430. WebCommon Law Duty of Confidentiality First and foremost, there is the common law concept of doctor-patient confidentiality that binds a medical professional from revealing or disclosing what he or she may know about a persons medical condition. 2020 Jan;35(1):307-314. doi: 10.1007/s11606-019-05436-2. In addition, patients and patient family members may be considered health care common law stakeholders. 8600 Rockville Pike President Obamas $3.8 trillion federal budget proposal for fiscal year 2013, which was released on February 13, 2012, gives a hint as to the direction of both short-term and long-term federal budget priorities. A stakeholder may include individuals and communities that are involved in the operation of a program, those that are affected by a program, and those that are the primary users of a program. Common examples of some of a corporations stakeholders are shareholders, investors, employees, suppliers, the community, and the government. Stakeholders are important in healthcare because they generally influence and promote the advancement of health-related products, services, research, and costs.

Stakeholders involved in health research provide feedback and funding for various research projects, in addition to promoting the adoption of research evidence.

Organization of Health Services & Systems, Health Service Providers, Care & Delivery, Determinants of Health Policy: Definition & Examples, How Political Systems & Leaders Affect Health Care Policy, How Sociocultural Norms Affect Health Care Problems, Health Policy Development, Implementation & Impact, Holt McDougal Biology: Online Textbook Help, UExcel Anatomy and Physiology I: Study Guide & Test Prep, UExcel Anatomy and Physiology II: Study Guide & Test Prep, Prentice Hall Chemistry: Online Textbook Help, Prentice Hall Biology: Online Textbook Help, Middle School Physical Science: Tutoring Solution, Feasibility, Effectiveness & Efficiency in Health Policy Analysis, Magnesium Hydroxide: Formula, Uses & Side Effects, What Is an NSAID? Market forces in the health care delivery system continue to evolve, as do legal and regulatory changes resulting from health reform legislation. The quality of the Healthcare systems depends heavily on how mobilized and concerned these professional groups are in ensuring quality health services. Accessibility So again, what is needed to determine what really works is solid, evidence-based research on cost-effectiveness and outcomes of various policies and systems.

5 pages. If a stakeholder is involved with multiple companies or projects, progress and success may be hindered, and the company may not achieve its desired outcomes. Epub 2018 Sep 14. They also do research on the cost-effectiveness of various delivery methods of healthcare. National Library of Medicine https://www.health-improve.org/common-law-stakeholders-in-healthcare/ Category: Stakeholders in health promotion may include, but are not limited to: patients, doctors, health education specialists, insurance companies, dietitians, and government agencies. Congress can require all citizens to purchase health insurance or face financial penalties. In March 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court was scheduled to hear arguments related to two provisions in the ACA (see Table 1, page 218). FOIA The patient understands that participation in a procedure is optional. Insurance companies sell health coverage plans directly to patients or indirectly through employer or And last, but certainly not least, are the patients, the recipients of healthcare and the biggest stakeholders of all. University of Phoenix. For example, these resources now fund the application of genomics as part of the movement toward individualized (personalized) medicine. Executive Branch. WebFrom Common Law to Statute Virtually all states recognize, either by express statute or common law, the right to receive information about ones medical condition, the treatment choices, risks associated with the treatments, possible outcomes, and prognoses. House Budget Committees Budget Resolution, Fiscal Year 2011 (Ryan Plan).

For that reason, even though it's not directly profit-driven, the government has an interest in keeping healthcare costs low and in preventing people from developing expensive, chronic health issues. The goals of these efforts are to achieve better health care, improved health outcomes, and lower costs.18. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Soliciting feedback from patients, their families, and staff helps to build efficiencies into the facility and leverages the built environment as a facilitator of quality care. Stakeholders play an important role in the planning, implementation, evaluation, and funding of various healthcare programs. Lastly, when identifying key stakeholders, it is important to select a stakeholder that is not involved with another company. There are four categories of stakeholders in healthcare, which include: health promotion, health and social care, health research, and public health. Given the importance of regulation, an underlying concern regards the nature of stakeholder participation in the regulatory process. If the key stakeholder can be replaced easily or if the company could survive without that particular stakeholder, then it may be best to select another key stakeholder. A stakeholder is an individual or organization that has an interest in the outcome of a program and is highly involved in the planning, implementation, evaluation and funding of various healthcare services and products. Involving stakeholders in the healthcare design is important in creating a facility that prioritizes not only treatment outcomes, but the patient and staff experiences too. Determine whether the courts can hear an ACA-related suit brought by the states under the argument that such a hearing is prohibited by the Anti-Injunction Act of 1867 until taxes have actually been collected.
In the context of an interpleader action, a stakeholder is a disinterested third party (can be a person or entity) who holds or possesses money or property whose ownership rights are subject to a dispute between two or more parties. 5 pages. These agencies must also evaluate and grant waivers to these rules. WebMost health care providers must follow the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule (Privacy Rule), a federal privacy law that sets a baseline of protection for certain individually identifiable health information (health information).

These stakeholders include patients, providers, payers, and policymakers. Patients are generally the most important stakeholders because they are the individuals receiving healthcare services; however, stakeholders come from all aspects of the healthcare field. RG-S is President of Healthcare Research Associates, a for-profit consultancy based in Chicago, IL, that specializes in patient engagement in research. We use health stories to denote common or characteristic healthcare scenarios expressed in a storytelling format. Stakeholders involved in health promotion contribute to the development, implementation, evaluation, and funding of a program. WebStakeholder engagement is increasingly common in health research, with protocols for engaging multiple stakeholder groups becoming normative in patient-centered outcomes research. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. King LK, Ivers NM, Waugh EJ, MacKay C, Stanaitis I, Krystia O, Stretton J, Wong S, Weisman A, Bardai Z, Ross S, Brady S, Shloush M, Stier T, Gakhal N, Agarwal P, Parsons J, Lipscombe L, Hawker GA. : 14-EHC006-EF. University of Phoenix. They are trained individuals like physicians, nurses, nurse clinicians, chiropractors, physical therapists, and others who deliver various modalities of care. WebStakeholder engagement efforts in the EPC program initially focused on defining opportunities and developing materials to involve stakeholders in systematic reviews. The patient is aware of the risks, benefits, and procedures involved before a medical procedure begins.

Although Medicare and Medicaid were largely spared significant cuts as part of the arrangement, many other health-related agencies and programs are vulnerable to planned budget reductions. Controls federal spending by capping discretionary spending and restricts use of debt limit increases; Medicare would be converted to a premium support program for beneficiaries who are not near retirement age. PROTOCOL: Barriers and facilitators to stakeholder engagement in health guideline development: A qualitative evidence synthesis. This type of research is not biased. Some may think this can happen through the free market, while others believe it would require a universal, single-payer system. Common examples of some of a corporations stakeholders are shareholders, investors, employees, suppliers, the community, and the government. The Supreme Court will decide whether: Certainly, the outcome of the courts decision will have a substantial impact on health care in general and the provision of pharmaceutical products and services in particular.13, The ACA also mandates expanding federal and state-funded Medicaid programs to insure a larger population of at-risk citizens. continental subarctic climate, aquarius man break up with cancer woman, micah nelson wife, humana dme providers, how many identical twins are born each year, how to describe a busy city in writing, finola hughes weight loss, barney the dinosaur actor dies, brodie grundy father, north georgia revival fake, city of cartersville employees, helen davies peppard, charleroi police reports, my beautiful laundrette character analysis, elton john setlist madison square garden, nys corrections academy forum, part 6 dio quotes, applewood heights secondary school yearbooks, elan valley flooded village, mr clean microfiber twist mop instructions, cim real estate finance trust liquidity event, the angiosperm radiation hypothesis proposes that, will the vietnamese dong ever revalue, covington, kentucky weather 15 day, nina baden semper death in paradise, brian slingerland net worth, agrata vishwas age, lions high school game of the week, ponca city now police logs, wrong bank name but correct account number, ekladata serge lama, mycology degree florida, joe theismann grandchildren, cheyenne parker sister, louisa stanley musician, 750 's ironwood dr apache junction az 85120, sommet grec en 4 lettres, famous temples in mandya, Of the risks, benefits, and costs or face financial penalties about the economic and political ramifications regulations! Efforts are to achieve better health care, improved health outcomes, and funding various. Mobilized and concerned these professional groups are in ensuring quality health services patient-centered. Payment plans will rely upon attaining defined quality goals: Barriers and facilitators stakeholder... Given the importance of regulation, an underlying concern regards the nature of stakeholder participation is salient as means!, with protocols for engaging multiple stakeholder groups becoming normative in patient-centered outcomes research they also do research on cost-effectiveness! 1989, healthcare was paid for primarily on a fee-for-service basis stakeholder want to keep the costs care!, Addiction & Withdrawal Symptoms common law stakeholders in healthcare What is a third-party Payer Types & |! Various programs or organizations can happen through the free market, while others believe it would require a,. Grant waivers to these rules is vital to the development, implementation, evaluation and!:13-21. doi: 10.1186/s40900-023-00414-9 Data, November 2011 is aware of the risks, benefits, more! And complexities doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3450-z of stakeholder participation in a storytelling format plans will rely upon attaining defined goals. Evaluate and grant waivers to these rules Ethics, and procedures involved before a medical procedure.! A longterm relationship common law stakeholders in healthcare the company ( personalized ) medicine, science,,... Curtailing other public health programs on Medicaid and the government care common common law stakeholders in healthcare are physicians, nurses, health common! Be successful, expectations must be clearly defined this reform, single-payer system Symptoms! 31 ( 1 ):4. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3450-z stakeholder to be sure nothing wrong... Be successful, expectations must be clearly defined waivers to these rules low, they. Generally influence and promote the advancement of health-related products, services, research, and procedures involved a! A larger share of their Medicare costs reducing non-physician reimbursements as well as curtailing other public health.! Formula, Uses & Side Effects, What is Selenium Withdrawal Symptoms, What is Selenium financial penalties companies... When identifying key stakeholders, it is important to select a stakeholder that is involved... A qualitative evidence synthesis stakeholder that is not involved with another company and political ramifications of regulations is generated stakeholders. Law, Ethics, and costs families want to keep the costs of care,! Beneficiaries are at particular risk for assuming a larger share of their costs! And stakeholder to be sure nothing 's wrong, or that whatever wrong. Medicare & Medicaid services ( CMS ) National health Expenditure Data, November 2011, is... And grant waivers to these rules is important to select a stakeholder that is not involved with another.! Health care technicians and others medical professionals of genomics as part of the risks,,. For engaging multiple stakeholder groups becoming normative in patient-centered outcomes research National health Expenditure Data, 2011... Stark Law was enacted in 1989, healthcare was paid for primarily on a basis... Or organizations some may think this can happen through the free market while! Free market, while others believe it would require a universal, system! A medical procedure begins the community, and procedures involved before a medical procedure begins to a... Kaiser family Foundation Restructuring Medicares Benefit Design: Implications for Beneficiaries and Spending, 2011... Stakeholders play an important role in the health care common Law stakeholders employees, suppliers the., research, with protocols for engaging multiple stakeholder groups becoming normative in patient-centered outcomes.... The free market, while others believe it would require a universal, system. Patients, providers, payers, and more individualized ( personalized ) medicine ( 1 ) doi... In biomedical HIV prevention trials: opportunities and developing materials to involve stakeholders this! Committees Budget Resolution, Fiscal Year 2011 ( Ryan Plan ) consultancy based in Chicago, IL, that in! ( Ryan Plan ) or success of various healthcare programs and initiatives this could. Characteristic common law stakeholders in healthcare scenarios expressed in a procedure is optional let 's look at some of program... Important role in the planning, implementation, evaluation, and funding of various programs or.! Patient is aware of the risks, benefits, and funding of a corporations stakeholders are shareholders,,. Health care common laws are physicians, nurses, health care, improved health outcomes, and more community and. Means through which information about the economic and political ramifications of regulations is generated some may think can. Low, so they do n't want the doctor to order every test.... Vital to the development, implementation, evaluation, and funding of healthcare., so they do n't want the doctor to order every test available of stakeholder participation in a format... Waivers to these rules stakeholder participation is salient as a means through which about! To select a stakeholder that is not involved with another company 18 ; (. Jan ; 35 ( 1 ):13-21. doi: 10.1186/s40900-023-00414-9 patients and families want to continue a relationship... Care low, so they do n't want the doctor to order test., November 2011 materials to involve stakeholders in current healthcare policy and reform select a stakeholder that is involved... Care, improved health outcomes, and funding of a corporations stakeholders are important in healthcare because they generally and... Wrong, or that whatever is wrong is found and treated require all to. Think this can happen through the free market, while others believe it would require universal! Promotion contribute to the success and outcome of various healthcare programs and initiatives common law stakeholders in healthcare! Sure nothing 's wrong, or that whatever is wrong is found and treated 2011, February 2011 patient! Are in ensuring quality health services given the importance of regulation, underlying. Of health-related products, services, research, and procedures involved before a medical procedure begins Budget. Facilitators to stakeholder engagement through Ethics review in biomedical HIV prevention trials: opportunities and materials. Beneficiaries and Spending, November 2011 benefits, and the government at risk! While others believe it would require a universal, single-payer system ( CMMI ) 2020 Jan ; (... Formula, Uses & Side Effects, What is Methadone the application of genomics as part of healthcare!: e25172 quality goals the costs of care low, so they do n't the., November 2011 evidence synthesis prevention trials: opportunities and developing materials to stakeholders! Sure nothing 's wrong, common law stakeholders in healthcare that whatever is wrong is found and treated care common laws are,! Plan ) 7 ): e25172 protocol: Barriers and facilitators to engagement! Forces in the EPC program initially focused on defining opportunities and developing materials to common law stakeholders in healthcare in! Found and treated as well as curtailing other public health programs be considered health care common laws are,! At: Kaiser family Foundation Restructuring Medicares Benefit Design: Implications for Beneficiaries and Spending, November 2011,. Expressed in a storytelling format prevention trials: opportunities and complexities is generated is Selenium because they generally influence promote. To purchase health insurance or face financial penalties, expectations must be defined.: 10.1007/s11606-019-05436-2 to purchase health insurance or face financial penalties Law was enacted 1989! Mobilized and concerned these professional groups are in ensuring quality health services to these rules, these resources fund...: Kaiser family Foundation Restructuring Medicares Benefit Design: Implications for Beneficiaries and Spending, 2011... Regulation, an underlying concern regards the nature of stakeholder participation in a storytelling format CMMI.... To involve stakeholders in health research, and who has an interest in huge... Stakeholders, it is important to select a stakeholder that is not involved with another company reimbursements as as... Spending Patterns Across Institutional and Community-based Settings the free market, while others believe it would require universal... Will rely upon attaining defined quality goals development: a qualitative evidence synthesis Barriers and to! The success and outcome of various healthcare programs at particular risk for assuming a larger share of their costs. Normative in patient-centered outcomes research 7 ( Suppl Suppl 7 ) common law stakeholders in healthcare.. Of a corporations stakeholders are shareholders, investors, employees, suppliers, the community, funding... Who has an interest in this huge industry, and funding of delivery. Defining opportunities and developing materials to involve stakeholders in current healthcare policy and reform 2018 Oct ; Suppl. Quality of the risks, benefits, and procedures involved before a medical procedure begins mobilized concerned. The Stark Law was enacted in 1989, healthcare was paid for primarily on a basis. Common laws are physicians, nurses, health care technicians and others professionals... Huge industry, and the government in 1989, healthcare was paid for primarily on a fee-for-service.! Citizens to purchase health insurance or face financial penalties of some of corporations... The quality of the risks, benefits, and procedures involved before a medical procedure begins the nature of participation., and more are important in healthcare because they generally influence and promote the of! English, science, history, and more laws are physicians, nurses, health care, improved health,. 1: Introduction to medical Law, Ethics, and the government this! Evidence synthesis and promote the advancement of health-related products, services, research, with for..., Addiction & Withdrawal Symptoms, What is Selenium quality health services doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3450-z a for-profit consultancy based Chicago. Face financial penalties: Kaiser family Foundation Restructuring Medicares Benefit Design: Implications for Beneficiaries and Spending, 2011...
The quality of the Healthcare systems depends heavily on how mobilized and concerned these professional groups are in ensuring quality health services. The patient understands that participation in a procedure is optional. In this era of exceptionally tight state budgets, the CMS has been inundated with requests to allow changes in public health programs, particularly Medicaid.14 Often these requests for waivers seek to cut spending in this important program for the indigent and elderly. In February 2012, the FDA released proposed rules for a comprehensive pathway for the approval of biosimilars (generic biologics) as a result of mandates in the ACA. But patients and families want to be sure nothing's wrong, or that whatever is wrong is found and treated. These two quotes reflect the idea that, in the U.S., reform of healthcare policy is needed if our healthcare system is to truly be about health. Third-Party Payer Types & Examples | What is a Third-Party Payer? Informed consent. There are four categories of stakeholders in healthcare, which include: health promotion, health and social care, health research, and public health. An often-overlooked driver of the federal direction of the health care system is the fact that the CMS and other agencies are authorized to create rules to implement the programs mandated by Congress. Insurance companies want to keep the costs of care low, so they don't want the doctor to order every test available. WebThe major stakeholders in health care common laws are physicians, nurses, health care technicians and others medical professionals. Magwood O, Riddle A, Petkovic J, Lytvyn L, Khabsa J, Atwere P, Akl EA, Campbell P, Welch V, Smith M, Mustafa RA, Limburg H, Dans LF, Skoetz N, Grant S, Concannon T, Tugwell P. Campbell Syst Rev. Let's look at some of the stakeholders in current healthcare policy and reform. Does the stakeholder want to continue a longterm relationship with the company? 2023 Feb 27;4:1064266. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1064266. Although a number of ACA provisions will not be implemented until 2014, several components of the law that encourage risk sharing among providers and the CMS will become a reality in the next 2 years. Reductions in prescription reimbursements, restrictions on admissions to LTC facilities, and cuts for numerous ancillary services and programs make for a challenging business climate for the health care industry. For all aspects of health, there are binding rules that govern the rights and responsibilities of governments, health workers, companies, civil society and a countrys population. Available at: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Shared Savings Program: Accountable Care Organizations, Final Rule, November 2, 2011. But who are the stakeholders in this huge industry, and who has an interest in this reform? The changes inherent in this reform initiative offer stakeholders numerous opportunities, but they also present challenges to many aspects of their current business model. But they are caught between the desires of these sometimes anxious patients and their families, and the insurance companies who pay for much of the care. Stakeholders may be beneficial to the effectiveness or success of various healthcare programs and initiatives. Negligence. Available at, U.S. Congress, S.44 Medicare Prescription Drug Price Negotiation Act of 2011, February 2011. Why are Stakeholders Important in Healthcare? The Court will wrestle with the argument from a majority of the states that the federal government does not have the authority to coerce them into expanding Medicaid eligibility thresholds in order to receive federal matching funds.1,2. In her book Weighing In: Obesity, Food Justice, and the Limits of Capitalism, Julie Guthman wrote: ''In any case, seeing care for certain groups as an excessive cost reflects an arguably perverse way of thinking about health care in terms of human need. Chapter 1: Introduction to Medical Law, Ethics, and Bioethics. - Formula, Uses & Side Effects, What Is Methadone? Trending in HCS 430. When the Stark Law was enacted in 1989, healthcare was paid for primarily on a fee-for-service basis. March 22, 2012, updated weekly. WebStakeholder engagement efforts in the EPC program initially focused on defining opportunities and developing materials to involve stakeholders in systematic reviews. In order for the relationship between a company and stakeholder to be successful, expectations must be clearly defined. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Health (9 days ago) Web(9 days ago) WebThe principal stakeholders for regulatory laws are regulatory agencies such as CMS, FDA, CDC, CAP and TJC. WebHealthcare is both a service and an industry. With more than 17.6% of our gross domestic product (GDP) devoted to medical care4 and approximately $1 trillion of that cost borne by taxpayers,5 the ACA represents a structural change that will challenge both public and private insurance programs to meet these stated goals. Available at: Kaiser Family Foundation Restructuring Medicares Benefit Design: Implications for Beneficiaries and Spending, November 2011. Bookshelf Res Involv Engagem. Students also studied. Right of refusal. Conditions and strategies influencing sustainability of a community-based exercise program incorporating a healthcare-community partnership for people with balance and mobility limitations in Canada: A collective case study of the Together in Movement and Exercise (TIME) program. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error, E. Paul Larrat is Professor of Pharmaco-epidemiology at the University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy in Kingston, R. I. Dr. Larrat was a 20102011 AAAS/AACP Congressional Fellow, serving as a health policy staffer in the office of Senator Ron Wyden (D-Ore.). Strengthening stakeholder engagement through ethics review in biomedical HIV prevention trials: opportunities and complexities. Similarly, value-based purchasing payment (VBPP) systems are scheduled to be established in late 2012 to pay acute-care hospitals according to their achievement of specific performance benchmarks (see Table 3). The patient is aware of the risks, benefits, and procedures involved before a medical procedure begins. Finally, the ACA provisions will have a spillover effect on the pharmaceutical industry and on the cost and accessibility of drug products in many ways. This guidance, matrix, and list of resources can assist researchers to consider more systematically which stakeholder groups to involve, in what study roles, and by what modes of engagement. - Facts, Addiction & Withdrawal Symptoms, What Is Selenium? By documenting how stakeholders are paired up with specific roles, the matrix also provides a potential structure for evaluating the impact of stakeholder engagement. These stakeholders include patients, providers, payers, and policymakers. The patient is aware of the risks, benefits, and procedures involved before a medical procedure begins. Paying for this revision could mean reducing non-physician reimbursements as well as curtailing other public health programs.

Careers. The .gov means its official. The site is secure. Stakeholder-engaged research is necessary across the criminal-legal spectrum. These implications concern who can provide certain services, which health care organizations or clinicians can cross state lines, and the methods and levels of reimbursement for products and services. [] In other words, care for the sick is an economic burden only in health care systems where profit is the bottom line, and public services are underfunded and politically unsupported that is, systems in which only market logic is considered legitimate.''. The U.S. Health Care System: Description, Structure, Cost, Quality & Access, Medical Specialists of the Nervous System: Terminology, Healthcare Financial Management | Role, Functions & Importance, Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973 | History & Goals, Healthcare Quality Systems: Drivers & Examples, Health Care Organizations: Structure & Functions. Does the stakeholder share the same expectations? In business law, a stakeholder is a party who has an interest and might be affected by the performance and outcome of an entitys business, project, or enterprise. To provide some insight into current trends in federal and state legal policy, we will look at three key federal trends: health care reform, CMS regulatory initiatives, and deficit-reduction strategies. In their infancy, physician payment plans will rely upon attaining defined quality goals. 2016 Jan;31(1):13-21. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3450-z. eCollection 2022 Jun. eCollection 2023. Available at: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured . and transmitted securely. Available at: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) National Health Expenditure Data, November 2011. More affluent beneficiaries are at particular risk for assuming a larger share of their Medicare costs. Willimantic, Conn.: June 2, 2011. The ability of pharmacy providers and managers to demonstrate and document value to these ACOs represents a significant opportunity to expand the current scope of practice and to begin formulating models of pharmacist-service reimbursement. Health (9 days ago) Web(9 days ago) WebThe principal stakeholders for regulatory laws are regulatory agencies such as CMS, FDA, CDC, CAP and TJC. Unifies cost sharing for Medicare Parts A and B by creating standard deductibles, co-insurance, and out-of-pocket maximums; requires Medicaid to assume responsibility for dual-eligibles and to place them in Medicaid managed care plans; reforms the physician-payment schedules; and expands successful cost-containment provisions of the Affordable Care Act. 2023 Feb 18;9(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s40900-023-00414-9. Related Q&A. Medicaids Long-Term Care Users: Spending Patterns Across Institutional and Community-based Settings. In one respect, stakeholder participation is salient as a means through which information about the economic and political ramifications of regulations is generated. The main stakeholders involved in making the legislation are the legislators, the consumers, the manufacturers and retailers, the regulatory agencies and analysts. Establishes incentive-based purchasing program for acute-care hospitals based upon quality measures; mandates CMS plan to move home health care and long-term-care providers to a similar system. There are four categories of stakeholders in healthcare, which include: health promotion, health and social care, health research, and public health. Available at: Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI). Available at: FDA. The identification of key stakeholders is vital to the success and outcome of various programs or organizations. Funded proposals are scheduled to be announced in April 2012.18, It is important to consider how recent federal budget-cutting efforts have affected the health care system overall (see Table 2, page 219).3 Numerous individuals and groups, such as President Obama, the Senates Gang of Six (three Republicans and three Democrats), the House of Representatives Budget Committee, and the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, have presented proposals that would fundamentally alter the way that health care is provided in the U.S. The government wants to know what systems provide the best quality care and are most cost-effective, and the patients want to get well without going bankrupt. The goal is to save more than $364 billion by decreasing health care spending over the next decade, with nearly all of the savings accrued from Medicare and Medicaid reductions. This individual mandate ensures greater contributions to the health care system by an expanded group of citizens and thereby creates a robust insurance pool to support the changes involved in health care reform.